Table 1 Characteristics of deliveries with emergency caesarean section (CS) due to fetal distress and prolonged labour
| Characteristics |
CS due to fetal distress N = 1806 |
CS due to prolonged labour N = 1322 |
Total cohort N = 104,223 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, mean (SD) | 24.1 (4.2) | 24.3 (4.4) | 24.0 (4.3) |
| Parity | |||
| 0-para | 1,023 (57%) | 797 (60%) | 40,538 (39%) |
| 1 previous birth | 491 (27%) | 304 (23%) | 31,365 (30%) |
| 2–5 previous births | 292 (16%) | 292 (17%) | 17,416 (17%) |
| Missing | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | 14,893 (14%) |
| Education level | |||
| Illiterate | 47 (2.6%) | 37 (2.8%) | 3134 (3.0%) |
| Literate | 118 (6.5%) | 71 (5.4%) | 6528 (6.3%) |
| Basic education | 188 (10%) | 125 (9.5%) | 11,298 (11%) |
| Secondary and above | 696 (39%) | 437 (33%) | 41,710 (40%) |
| Higher | 148 (8.2%) | 212 (16%) | 5657 (5.4%) |
| Missing | 609 (34%) | 440 (13%) | 35,896 (34%) |
| Ethnicity a | |||
| Advantaged groups | 922 (51%) | 627 (47%) | 52,772 (51%) |
| Disadvantaged groups | 884 (49%) | 695 (53%) | 51,031 (49%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 420 (0.4%) |
| Pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders | 14 (0.8%) | 10 (0.8%) | 267 (0.3%) |
| Antepartum hemorrhage | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 95 (0.1%) |
| Stage of labour on admission | |||
| Not in labour | 522 (40%) | 706 (39%) | 19,783 (19%) |
| Latent phase of first stage of labour | 698 (53%) | 964 (53%) | 40,781 (39%) |
| Active phase of first stage of labour | 94 (7.1%) | 129 (7.1%) | 23,045 (22%) |
| Second stage of labour | 8 (0.6%) | 7 (0.4%) | 3877 (3.7%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 16,234 (16%) |
| Induction of labour | |||
| With prostaglandins | 236 (13%) | 264 (20%) | 14,890 (14%) |
| With amniotomy | 54 (3.0%) | 42 (3.2%) | 2046 (2.0%) |
| With oxytocin | 154 (8.5%) | 161 (12%) | 7434 (7.1%) |
| No induction | 1362 (76%) | 855 (65%) | 53,627 (52%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 16,324 (16%) |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal | 0 | 0 | 64,846 (62%) |
| Instrumental vaginal | 0 | 0 | 3001 (2.9%) |
| Caesarean section | 1806 (100%) | 1322 (100%) | 18,964 (18%) |
| Assisted breech | 0 | 0 | 437 (0.5%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 16,939 (16%) |
| Birth weight | |||
| < 2500 g | 269 (15%) | 160 (12%) | 14,945 (14%) |
| ≥ 2500 g | 1366 (76%) | 971 (73%) | 66,732 (64%) |
| Missing | 171 (9.5%) | 191 (14%) | 22,546 (22%) |
| Gestational age | |||
| < 37 weeks | 220 (17%) | 306 (17%) | 15,665 (15%) |
| ≥ 37 weeks | 911 (74%) | 1329 (69%) | 66,012 (63%) |
| Missing | 171 (9.5%) | 191 (14%) | 22,546 (22%) |