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Table 3 Relative risk (RR) of miscarriage vs ongoing pregnancy in three gestational age groups by women’s characteristics

From: Early pregnancy loss in Belagavi, Karnataka, India 2014–2017: a prospective population-based observational study in a low-resource setting

  Miscarriage v. Ongoing 6,0–7,6 Weeks RR (95% CI) Miscarriage v. Ongoing 8,0–11,6 Weeks RR (95% CI) Miscarriage v. Ongoing 12,0–19,6 Weeks RR (95% CI)
Maternal age (years)
  ≤ 20 1.26 (0.94, 1.69) 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) 0.94 (0.80, 1.10)
 21–25 REF REF REF
 26–30 1.11 (0.80, 1.53) 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) 1.09 (0.93, 1.29)
  > 30 1.17 (0.64, 2.14) 1.42 (1.05, 1.93) 1.81 (1.37, 2.38)
Maternal education
 No formal education 0.93 (0.59, 1.46) 0.94 (0.71, 1.23) 1.12 (0.86, 1.46)
 Primary REF REF REF
 Secondary 0.95 (0.69, 1.32) 1.10 (0.92, 1.31) 1.42 (1.20, 1.68)
 University+ 1.00 (0.61, 1.62) 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) 0.93 (0.68, 1.27)
Parity
 0 0.78 (0.57, 1.07) 0.73 (0.60, 0.89) 0.89 (0.75, 1.06)
 1–2 REF REF REF
  > 2 1.30 (0.88, 1.91) 1.11 (0.84, 1.48) 1.08 (0.83, 1.41)
BMI (kg/m2)
 Underweight, <  18.5 kg/m2 1.00 (0.85, 1.19) 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) 1.00 (0.86, 1.17)
 Normal weight, 18.5–25 kg/m2 REF REF REF
 Overweight /obese, >  25 kg/m2 0.61 (0.41, 0.91) 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) 0.99 (0.77, 1.29)
Hemoglobin (gm/dl)
 Severe/Moderate, ≤ 9 g/dl 0.77 (0.61, 0.98) 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) 0.93 (0.74, 1.17)
 Mild, > 9–11 g/dl 0.75 (0.61, 0.92) 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) 1.00 (0.86, 1.15)
 Normal, >  11 g/dl REF REF REF
  1. BMI body mass index
  2. REF reference group
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Reproductive Health

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