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Table 2 Relative risk regression of child death on child and mother characteristics, Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system, South Africa, 1992 – 2013 (n=3,740,992 child months). Adjusted for clustering of children with the same mothers. Early maternal death defined as death during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of most recent childbirth or identified cause of death, and late maternal death as death from 43 to 365 days after childbirth. Mother cause of death classified by InterVA-4 based on VA interviews. Model B includes an interaction of mother’s survival status with cause of death.

From: The impacts of maternal mortality and cause of death on children’s risk of dying in rural South Africa: evidence from a population based surveillance study (1992-2013)

  Relative risk ratio Model A 95% CI p-value Relative risk ratio Model B 95% CI p-value
Male 1.119 [1.016, 1.233] 0.023 1.118 [1.015, 1.232] 0.024
Child age (months)       
0 20.560 [17.858, 23.672] <0.001 20.578 [17.873, 23.692] <0.001
1-5 5.127 [4.508, 5.832] <0.001 5.137 [4.516, 5.843] <0.001
6-11 3.165 [2.746, 3.648] <0.001 3.167 [2.748, 3.651] <0.001
12-59 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] . 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] .
60-119 0.163 [0.134,0.198] <0.001 0.163 [0.134, 0.198] <0.001
Mother’s age (years)       
15-19 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] . 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] .
20-24 1.065 [0.930, 1.219] 0.366 1.062 [0.927, 1.217] 0.384
25-29 1.155 [1.000, 1.333] 0.050 1.153 [0.998, 1.331] 0.053
30-34 1.004 [0.852, 1.182] 0.966 1.007 [0.855, 1.186] 0.935
35-39 1.071 [0.888, 1.293] 0.473 1.075 [0.891, 1.297] 0.451
≥40 0.872 [0.672, 1.132] 0.303 0.870 [0.670, 1.130] 0.296
Year       
1992 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] . 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] .
1993 1.270 [0.755, 2.138] 0.368 1.272 [0.756, 2.140] 0.365
1994 1.147 [0.673, 1.956] 0.614 1.152 [0.676, 1.964] 0.603
1995 1.151 [0.677, 1.956] 0.603 1.158 [0.681, 1.968] 0.588
1996 0.971 [0.563, 1.676] 0.916 0.976 [0.566, 1.685] 0.932
1997 1.028 [0.599, 1.764] 0.921 1.031 [0.601, 1.769] 0.913
1998 1.543 [0.920, 2.587] 0.100 1.548 [0.923, 2.597] 0.098
1999 1.687 [1.016, 2.803] 0.043 1.697 [1.021, 2.821] 0.041
2000 1.740 [1.047, 2.891] 0.033 1.748 [1.052, 2.906] 0.031
2001 1.765 [1.060, 2.938] 0.029 1.774 [1.065, 2.954] 0.028
2002 2.456 [1.492, 4.044] <0.001 2.468 [1.499, 4.065] <0.001
2003 2.732 [1.668, 4.475] <0.001 2.733 [1.669, 4.474] <0.001
2004 1.876 [1.129, 3.118] 0.015 1.888 [1.136, 3.138] 0.014
2005 1.914 [1.159, 3.162] 0.011 1.926 [1.166, 3.183] 0.011
2006 2.112 [1.283, 3.477] 0.003 2.110 [1.282, 3.475] 0.003
2007 2.563 [1.567, 4.191] <0.001 2.567 [1.570, 4.198] <0.001
2008 2.924 [1.796, 4.759] <0.001 2.938 [1.805, 4.783] <0.001
2009 1.878 [1.139, 3.099] 0.014 1.897 [1.150, 3.131] 0.012
2010 1.687 [1.019, 2.792] 0.042 1.704 [1.029, 2.822] 0.038
2011 1.583 [0.953, 2.630] 0.076 1.598 [0.962, 2.656] 0.070
2012 1.062 [0.620, 1.819] 0.826 1.071 [0.625, 1.835] 0.803
2013 1.052 [0.537, 2.060] 0.882 1.058 [0.540, 2.072] 0.869
Mother’s survival status       
Survives 1.000 [1.000, 1.000] .    
Early maternal death 15.169 [8.248, 27.898] <0.001    
Late maternal death 13.567 [7.537, 24.421] <0.001    
Other death 8.451 [5.138, 13.899] <0.001    
Mother’s survival status × mother’s cause of death       
Survives    1.000 [1.000, 1.000] .
HIV/AIDS or TB early maternal death    29.220 [11.688, 73.049] <0.001
HIV/AIDS or TB late maternal death    14.332 [6.924, 29.665] <0.001
HIV/AIDS or TB other death    7.477 [3.931, 14.222] <0.001
Non-HIV/AIDS or TB early maternal death    9.197 [3.908, 21.647] <0.001
Non-HIV/AIDS or TB late maternal death    12.453 [4.743, 32.697] <0.001
Non-HIV/AIDS or TB other death    10.358 [4.772, 22.483] <0.001
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Reproductive Health

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